Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/11513/589
Title: Traktör kuyruk milinden hareketli tarla pülverizatörünün yardımcı hava akımlı pülverizatöre dönüştürülmesi üzerine bir araştırma / A research on air assisted ground sprayer modified of ground sprayer run from tractor power take off
Authors: TOBİ, İBRAHİM
Keywords: Ziraat = Agriculture
Issue Date: 2006
Abstract: Pestisitler günümüzde tarimsal üretimde ürün kaybini önlemek amaciyla hastalik, zararli ve yabanci otlara karsi en sik kullanilan yöntemdir. Tarimsal amaçli pestisitler insan ve çevre sagligini olumsuz etkilemesinden ve çiftçilerin uygulamalarda girdi maliyetlerinin artmasindan dolayi hassas, dikkatli ve en az ilaç kaybi olacak sekilde uygulanmalidir. Tarimda yogun olarak kullanilan geleneksel pülverizatörler, püskürtme memelerinde olusan damlalari pompanin sagladigi basinç enerjisi yardimi ile, yerçekimi ve atalet kuvvetlerini yenerek hedefe ulastirmaktadir. Geleneksel pülverizatörlerle yapilan pestisit uygulamalarinda bitkinin alt bölgelerine yeterli miktarda ilaç ulasmamakta, bitki yaprak aralarina ilaç penetrasyon etkinligi yetersiz olmakta ve sürüklenme ihtimali yüksek olan küçük çapli damlalar olusmaktadir. Bu kosullar altinda yapilan pestisit uygulamalari, sürüklenmeye neden oldugundan pestisit kaybi olmakta bu da çiftçinin uygulamalardaki girdi maliyetlerini arttirmakta ve insan ve çevre sagligi ile ilgili çesitli sorunlara neden olmaktadir. Bu çalismada tarimsal amaçli kullanilan pestisitlerin etkinligi arttirmak amaciyla geleneksel pülverizatör üzerine ilaveler yapilarak yardimci hava akimli pülverizatör olusturulmustur. Bunlar, pompadan hareketini alan kayis kasnak düzeni, kayis kasnak tarafindan çalistirilan fan ve püstkürtme çubuguna parelel olarak hava akimini tasiyan hava kanalidir. Püskürtme memelerinden üretilen damlalar, hava akimina yönlendirilerek hedefe ulastirilmaktadir. Denemede gelistirdigimiz pülverizatör hava akimsiz (0 m/sn), düsük (5 m/sn), orta ( 8 m/sn) ve yüksek (12 m/sn) hava hizli olarak 4 farkli hiz kademesinde çalistirilmistir ve her biri hava akimsiz uygulama ile karsilastirilmistir. Yaprak üst yüzey bölgesinde ve toprak yüzeyinde arastirmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar göre, Bitkinin üst kisminin yaprak üst bölgesinde ve toprak yüzeyinde, hava akimsiz uygulamanin yüzey kaplama orani diger hava akimli uygulamalara göre büyük bulunmustur. Buna göre hava akimsiz deneme konusunun yüzey kaplama orani sirasiyla %6.94 ve %3.38 olmustur. Bitkinin orta ve alt kisminin yaprak üst bölgesinde düsük, orta ve yüksek hizli deneme konularinin yüzey kaplama oran degerleri hava akimsiz deneme konusuna göre daha fazla bulunmustur. Düsük, orta ve yüksek hizli deneme konulari bitkinin orta kisminin yaprak üst bölgesinde, yüzey kaplama oranini hava akimsiz uygulamaya göre sirasiyla %165.26, %238.94 ve %676.84 ve bitkinin alt kisminin yaprak üst bölgesinde sirasiyla %594.11, %241.17 ve %794.11 arttirmistir. Toprak yüzeyinde düsük, orta ve yüksek hizli deneme konulari yüzey kaplama oranini hava akimsiz uygulamaya göre sirasiyla %64.5, %69.83, ve %67.16 azaltmistir. Yaprak alt yüzey bölgesinde arastirmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar göre, Bitkinin yaprak alt bölge seviyelerine göre gruplar arasinda fark olmasina ragmen tüm pülverizatörlerde yüzey kaplama oran degerleri oldukça küçüktür. Bitkinin üst, orta ve alt kisminin yaprak alt bölgesi seviyelerine bagli olarak yüksek hizli deneme konusunun yüzey kapla oran artisi hava akimsiz uygulamaya göre sirasiyla %230.76, %678.57 ve %276.47 olmustur. Yüksek hizli deneme konusunda yüzey kaplama orani bitkinin üst, orta ve alt kisminin yaprak alt bölgesi seviyelerine bagli olarak %0.15, %0.095 ve %0.047 olmustur. Pesticides to prevent loss of agriculture crops are used as a widespread method to control of pest in agricultural fields. Agricultural pesticides should be used carefully and minimised to drift due to negative effective environment and raised input costs of farmer. Droplets in sprayer nozzles formed by pressure energy provided of pump conventional ground sprayer intensively used in agricucultural is reached target to pass gravity power. Disadvantages of pesticide applications by conventional ground sprayer are not enough pesticide reached to leaves bottom of plant, drift spray due to fortmation of small droplets with high probality. In addition, input cost of farmer is raised and man and environment health is damaged due to spray drift in pesticide applications done in this situations. In this research at first, conventional ground sprayer was modified by making an air assisted sprayer on it. For this reason, These were added belt-hoop run by pump, fan operated by belt-hoop and air channel parallel to spray boom and carrying air current. Droplets emitted by sprayer nozzles are directed to air current and reach the target. The sprayer developed in this research, is worked four air velocity, no air (0 m/sn), low air (5 m/sn), middle air (8 m/sn) and high air (12 m/sn). Each one is compared to no air assisted application. Result of spraying applications in the leaf topside of bottom, middle and upper stage of plant and soil surface, leaf coverage rates were as follows; Leaf coverage rate of no air-assisted application was higher than leaf coverage rate of air-assisted applications in the leaf topside of top stage of plant and soil surface. In this way, in the leaf topside of top stage of plant and soil surface leaf coverage rate of no air assisted applications is 6.94% and 3.38% respectively. Leaf coverage rate of low, middle and high air-assisted applications were higher tha n leaf coverage rate of no air-assisted application in the leaf topside of 68 bottom and middle stage of plant. Low, middle and high air assisted applications were increased leaf coverage rate compared to no air-assisted application 165.26%, 238.94% and 676.84% respectively in the leaf topside of middle stage of plant and 594.11%, 241.17% and 794.11% respectively in the leaf topside of bottom stage of plant. At the soil surface level, low, middle and high air-assisted applications were reduced leaf coverage rate compared to no air-assisted application 64.5%, 69.83% and 67.16% respectively. Results of spraying applications, in the leaf underside of bottom, middle and top stage of plant , leaf coverage rates were as follows; Although, in the leaf underside stages of plant high air-assisted gives higher leaf coverage rate compared to no air-assisted applications, leaf coverage rates of leaf underside of bottom, middle and top stages of plant were very low. In the leaf underside of bottom, middle and top stages of plant, high air- assisted applications were increased leaf coverage rate compare to no air-assisted application 230.76%, 678.57% and 276.47% respectively. In the leaf underside of bottom, medium and top stages of plant, leaf coverage rate of high air-assisted application was 0.15%, 0.095% and 0.047% respectively. 69
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11513/589
Appears in Collections:Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü

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