New prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular field: ST2 (IL1RL1)

Abstract

As a result of natural immunity in the heart ST2 (IL1RL1) that protects the heart against excessive pressure load and tension, has two important isoforms (ST2L–membranebound, sST2-soluble). As ligand of ST2L and sST2 is interleukin 33 (IL33), the connection of ST2L to IL33 stimulates cardioprotective signal cascade whereas connection of sST2 to IL33 causes annihilation of these positive effects. As a high level of sST2 shows that the heart is under dense stress, this situation causes cell death, tissue fibrosis, decreased cardiac functions and an increase in progression rate of disease. That is why in cardiovascular disease sST2 is accepted as a biomarker of poor prognosis. It was obtained that the increase of sST2 over normal concentration multiplies negative situations related to cardiovascular diseases 3 times more. In 2013 in ACCF/AHA (American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association) guidelines, sST2 that was defined as “novel biomarker” for HF (Heart failure), is an independent biomarker from natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins and is an important sign in cardiovascular diseases. ST2 is not affected by factors such as age, body mass index and kidney function disorder.